Getting to Harar

Reaching Harar requires a bit of planning, but the journey itself can be deeply rewarding. The city is approximately 525 kilometers east of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s bustling capital, and is accessible by different modes of transport, each offering its own experience.

The fastest and most convenient way to get to Harar is by air. Harar is served by the newly developed Harar Jugol Airport, which offers regular domestic flights primarily from Addis Ababa. These flights significantly cut down travel time and let you start your exploration refreshed and enthusiastic.

For travelers wishing to immerse themselves gradually in Ethiopia’s diverse landscapes, taking a bus or hiring a car along the scenic highway is an adventurous option. The road trip passes through charming towns, lovely highlands, and arid plains, giving plenty of glimpses into everyday Ethiopian life. The bus journey can take around 10 to 12 hours depending on conditions, while a private car offers more flexibility, especially if stopping at lesser-known spots is part of your plan.

Once in Harar, local transportation within and around the Old Town is best navigated on foot. The narrow, winding streets are unsuitable for cars, and walking not only guarantees easy access to the city’s hidden corners but also encourages spontaneous encounters with locals and street vendors. For trips to nearby attractions or excursions beyond the city center, bajaj motorcycles and taxis are readily available.

When planning your visit, keep in mind Ethiopia’s climate. Harar is pleasant most of the year, but the best time to travel tends to be in the dry seasons from October to February or June to September, when temperature and humidity are more comfortable.

A Brief History of Harar’s Old Town

Harar’s Old Town has been a vital node in the Horn of Africa for over a millennium. Its origins date back to the 7th century, and for centuries it thrived as a crossroads of trade between the interior of Africa and the wider Islamic world. Merchants from Arabia, India, and beyond converged here, enriching the city’s culture and architecture.

The crowning jewel of Harar’s heritage is undoubtedly its ancient city walls, known as Jugol, which were constructed in the 13th century. These walls stretch nearly four kilometers, encircling the Old Town with high stone ramparts and strategic gates serving as historic defensive bastions. The walls stand testament to Harar’s former status as a fortified city, fiercely protecting its inhabitants and unique cultural identity through periods of conflict and change.

Culturally, Harar is a melting pot of Arab, Somali, and Ethiopian influences, reflected in its languages, religions, and social customs. The city became a center for Islamic learning and commerce, giving rise to a distinctive Harari identity. Many of the buildings, mosques, and homes within the Old Town preserve traditional styles with intricate wooden doors, brightly painted walls, and tiled courtyards that seem almost frozen in time.

In 2006, UNESCO designated Harar Jugol as a World Heritage Site, acknowledging its outstanding universal cultural value and the urgent need to preserve its unique living culture.

Must-See Landmarks and Attractions

Stepping into Harar’s Old Town is like entering a living museum where history and daily life intertwine. First and foremost, the ancient city walls, or Jugol, are a must-see. Walking alongside these sturdy stones, you’ll feel the enormity of the city’s heritage and the stories etched into every corner. The walls offer panoramic views of the narrow alleys and bustling markets below, making for incredible photo opportunities.

One of Harar’s most captivating and unique experiences is the hyena feeding ritual, held at night outside the city walls. Locals maintain a peculiar tradition of feeding wild hyenas by hand, a practice that dates back centuries and symbolizes a harmonious connection between humans and nature. Visitors can watch and, with guidance, even partake in this thrilling and authentic cultural encounter.

The Harar Jugol Museum, located within the Old Town, offers a deep dive into the city’s varied past. Exhibits cover everything from ancient artifacts and religious relics to traditional crafts, providing useful context that enriches any exploration.

Religious sites such as the Grand Mosque hold immense spiritual and historic significance. As one of Africa’s oldest mosques, it invites reflection on the city’s Islamic roots and architectural mastery. Nearby is Rimbaud House, where the enigmatic French poet Arthur Rimbaud lived for some time—his residency adapting Harar’s mystique into poetic inspiration.

Top Activities in the Historic Old Town

To truly savor Harar’s charm, there’s no substitute for wandering its labyrinthine alleyways. The maze-like lanes are famously colorful, lined with vibrant murals and street art, each pathway revealing small surprises: a hidden café, a local artisan’s workshop, or an ancient shrine.

Markets in Harar bustle with energy throughout the day. These bazaars sell spices, traditional textiles, coffee beans, and jewelry—all handcrafted with skill and steeped in local tradition. Engaging with shopkeepers and artisans offers visitors not just souvenirs, but meaningful stories behind each item.

Artisans play a vital role in maintaining Harar’s cultural heritage. Workshops for weaving, leatherwork, and pottery are open to visitors, providing insight into centuries-old techniques and the chance to buy handmade crafts directly from the makers.

Sampling Harari cuisine is another highlight. Traditional dishes often feature flavorful stews with spices unique to the region, served with injera (Ethiopian flatbread). Coffee holds a special place here, with the famous Ethiopian coffee ceremony performed in cozy cafés that invite you to savor this ritual alongside locals.

Timing a visit during one of Harar’s religious or cultural festivals—such as Eid celebrations or the vibrant Ashura festivities—provides extraordinary insight into communal life, filled with music, dance, and delicious food.

For photographers and Instagram enthusiasts, the city’s atmosphere is endlessly inspiring. The interplay of shadows and sunlight on weathered walls, the rich colors of fabrics hanging in doorways, and the expressive faces of Harar’s residents all make for captivating images.

Where to Stay in Harar

Staying within Harar’s Old Town is a unique experience in itself. Many guesthouses and boutique hotels have been thoughtfully restored to capture the city’s authentic ambiance, combining traditional architecture with modern comforts. These accommodations often feature cozy courtyards, decorative wooden doors, and terraces overlooking the maze of city streets.

Choosing a place located near the main gates or market areas makes it easier to explore on foot while immersing yourself in the daily buzz. Some popular and well-regarded guesthouses include Ambassador Hotel, Taj Mahal Hotel, and the traditional Harar Hotel—each offering distinctive atmospheres blending hospitality with cultural authenticity.

Travelers should prioritize safety and comfort when choosing where to stay. Though Harar is generally safe, the narrow streets and unique urban layout require accommodations that can offer reliable guidance and local support. Budget options are available, but mid-range boutique stays are popular for those who want a balance of charm and convenience.

Tips for Respectful and Enjoyable Exploration

Harar’s residents are proud of their city and their hospitality, but like any culturally rich destination, respectful behavior enhances everyone’s experience. It's important to observe local customs, especially given Harar’s strong Islamic heritage. Dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites or attending ceremonies.

Navigating the city’s narrow streets and crowded markets can be challenging, so wear comfortable shoes and keep your belongings secure. The Old Town is best explored during daylight hours, as some areas become dimly lit or more difficult to navigate after sunset.

Interacting with locals can be one of the most rewarding parts of your visit. A friendly approach and polite curiosity go a long way. If you decide to hire a guide, choose someone certified by local authorities who can provide in-depth stories and historical insights, elevating your journey beyond the surface.

Practical Information for Travelers

The Ethiopian Birr is the official currency, and Harar has a handful of licensed money exchange offices. While credit cards have limited acceptance, ATMs can be found in the city, though carrying some cash is advisable.

Harari and Amharic are the dominant languages, and though many people speak some English, learning a few key phrases—like “Selam” (hello) and “Ameseginalehugn” (thank you)—will deepen your connection with locals.

Internet connectivity in Harar is improving but can be patchy, especially in the Old Town due to thick stone walls. Purchasing a local SIM card from a provider like Ethio Telecom will boost your ability to stay connected.

Lastly, Harar’s Old Town offers not just a journey into the past, but also a vibrant, living tapestry of cultures and traditions waiting to be explored. Approaching your visit with respect, curiosity, and a sense of adventure will make for a truly unforgettable experience.